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Three-Tier Applications 193 I. Client (UI) II. Application Server Business Objects Java Beans COM Controls III. Data Server Figure 5.5 Multi-tier application layers. Working with PHP leads to a basic three-tier model in such a coherent way that you don t even notice it. But there is (or was) a catch to using PHP as an application server. Until version 4.0, PHP was not fully prepared to access third-party software objects and was therefore not the best tool to use in business scenarios with similar requirements.This has changed, and we feel this is one of the most dramatic points in the evolution of PHP.The current version allows you not only to access COM controls on Win32 systems, but also to execute Java methods on any system with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). There are three standard architectures for such enterprise-wide object reuse: (D)COM from Microsoft, JavaBeans/RMI from Sun Microsystems, and CORBA from the Object Management Group.The most widely used at this time is COM,because of the broad use of Windows systems (see the next section for details on using PHP and COM). However, enterprises with heterogeneous environments will prefer Java or CORBA for their wider platform support. For example, JavaBeans (and alternatively COM objects) are available to access SAP R/3 systems through their Business API (BAPI) interface, enabling you to integrate the SAP business framework into your application server layer.Think about the possibilities this would introduce to an e-commerce system:You could effectively combine a front-end online shop with the enterprise warehousing application in the back end.

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